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Values and Inductive Risk
“The cost of being wrong can affect how much evidence we demand before accepting a claim.”
01 / SUMMARY
In short
The inductive-risk debate asks whether social or ethical values should influence scientific decisions when false positives and false negatives have different consequences. No single position is settled.
03 / SCENE
In the wild
A threshold for calling a substance safe may depend on the harm of wrongly accepting safety versus delaying its use.
04 / LIMIT
The limit
Acknowledging values does not license altering data or choosing conclusions for political convenience.
FINAL NOTE
What remains
Make error costs explicit and separate evidence, decisions, and values.