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Logic & science2 MINBrief fileEstablished evidence

Sound Arguments

Good structure is not enough; you must also inspect what the structure is built from.

01 / SUMMARY

In short

A deductive argument is sound when it is valid and every premise is true. Soundness combines two separate checks: logic and the truth of the premises.

03 / SCENE

In the wild

All mammals breathe; whales are mammals; therefore whales breathe. The form is valid and the premises are well established.

04 / LIMIT

The limit

A conclusion that happens to be true does not make faulty reasoning sound.

FINAL NOTE

What remains

Demand both: an inference that works and premises that survive scrutiny.

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Editorial review: 2026-08-06

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