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Mind & biases2 MINBrief fileContext-dependent

Loss Aversion

A gain of fifty and a loss of fifty cancel on paper. Do they cancel in experience?

01 / SUMMARY

In short

In many decisions, a loss relative to a reference point weighs more than a comparable gain. Its strength is not a universal constant; it depends on the stakes, experience, and how that reference point is set.

03 / SCENE

In the wild

Someone may reject a gamble with a 50% chance to gain 110 and a 50% chance to lose 100 even though its expected value is positive.

04 / LIMIT

The limit

It is not the same as fearing every risk; people may seek risk precisely to avoid accepting a sure loss.

FINAL NOTE

What remains

Separate the final outcome from the feeling of giving up something you had already counted as yours.

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Editorial review: 2026-08-06

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