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Philosophy & ethics4 MINGuided readPhilosophical framework

The Capability Approach

Having a resource does not guarantee a real opportunity to use it.

01 / PLAINLY

What it means, plainly

The capability approach evaluates people's real opportunities to be and do things they have reason to value.

02 / CONTEXT

A little more

The capability approach evaluates people's effective opportunities to be and do valuable things. Sen and Nussbaum develop it differently, and the framework alone is not a complete theory of justice.

03 / WHY IT MATTERS

Why it matters

It prevents us from assuming that the same resource creates the same freedom when physical or social barriers differ.

04 / EXAMPLE

A familiar example

Two people receive the same bicycle, but a physical or social barrier may prevent one from gaining actual mobility.

05 / LIMIT

What it does not mean

Capability does not mean inner talent or an uncontested universal list of correct ways to live.

06 / NOTICE

Notice it in your day

Imagine a bicycle or online course offered to two people. List the barriers that could turn the same resource into different real opportunities.

FINAL NOTE

The idea worth keeping

Measure effective freedom, not only resources delivered or outcomes observed.

QUESTIONS / 02

Questions people still have

What does the capability approach measure?

Effective freedom or real opportunity, not merely resources delivered or the final outcome.

Does capability mean an inner talent?

No. Here it means an effective opportunity to be and do within concrete conditions.

RESOURCES / 01

Sources you can check

These links show where the explanation comes from. Some are academic and may be more technical.

Editorial review: 2026-08-14

PATHS / 03

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