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Logic & science2 MINBrief fileEstablished evidence

Affirming the Consequent

Seeing the expected result does not automatically identify what produced it.

01 / SUMMARY

In short

The invalid form is: if A, then B; B; therefore A. B may have several causes, so its presence does not guarantee A.

03 / SCENE

In the wild

If it rains, the street gets wet. The street is wet. Rain does not follow; a cleaning truck may have passed.

04 / LIMIT

The limit

An explanation compatible with the observation is not yet the only explanation or a proven cause.

FINAL NOTE

What remains

When B appears, look for other routes that could have produced it.